Service Learning Essay Topics

Service Learning Essay TopicsThere are many service learning essay topics available to students in the service of higher education. A good guide to help you narrow down your search can be found by taking into consideration all the interests that you might have and the skills that you might have. You will also want to take into consideration your particular set of requirements and preferences that will help you find the appropriate service learning essay topic for your specific needs.There are three general types of service learning essay topics - application-oriented, leadership-oriented and operational-oriented. The application-oriented service learning essay topics are focused on the experience of the students as it relates to their employment. Many schools require students to participate in various extracurricular activities, and they are able to show how well they understand the environment they are working in through this type of essay.On the other hand, the leadership-oriented and operational-oriented service learning essay topics are more focused on the leadership and the management of the business, organization or group. These topics are good for students who are able to give insight into how they approach their work in a particular setting. By focusing on leadership, this particular essay topic also helps to teach students how to present their ideas in an effective manner. If you are applying for leadership positions, you might want to focus your essay on how you will be a leader.One of the most popular service learning essay topics is the operational-oriented one. This type of essay is useful for those students who need to demonstrate their knowledge about the work that they will be doing. This is especially important for those students who are working in a highly specialized position and will not have as much knowledge about everyday operations.Students who are going to use this type of service learning essay topics are often given a task to accompli sh and they must demonstrate that they are working hard to get there. This can be a part-time, full-time or even part-time job. You can find a large variety of online courses to help you customize your essay for these type of situations.To help students prepare for the service learning essay topics that are available, you should consider starting out by looking at some samples. There are many online writers that can help you develop your own sample essays for various service learning essay topics. In addition, you can find a great number of resources that will help you choose the best essay topic for you.The choice of essay topic can help to increase your student's knowledge, even if they are not already a college student. It can help to better your chances of getting into an excellent school and to give you an edge in your chosen career field.

A Slave From Bondage Essay - 955 Words

Man has been held against his will by another since the beginning of recorded history. Those held against their will have sought to be free of the constraints imposed upon them by another. However, there were some who were in bondage able to obtain freedom through a process that became known as manumission. Manumission is the liberating of a slave from bondage. It is the formal act of freeing one from slavery. In South Carolina, as with several other states in the Deep South, slaves could be manumitted by one of two ways. Manumission could be given privately by an individual or it could be done officially by state law. Private manumission was rare in most states, and was restricted, but it did happen from time to time. Manumission was not an easy task to accomplish; private manumission in fact was a rare occurrence in most states. Some slaves were freed by the last will and testament of their owners, for faithful service, from masters freeing their slave mistresses and children f rom their sexual relations, or by some meritorious deed. Attaining freedom in the Deep South by 1810 it was almost impossible to manumit slaves. Most slaves yearned for freedom, but very few obtained it. Those that attained this freedom achieved it through one of three means: manumission, through a last will and testament, or legislative laws. A small number were even able to hire themselves out for pay after the workday for the master ended and earn enough money to buy their freedom.Show MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of The United States1059 Words   |  5 PagesA slave is a man, woman or child who is the lawful property of another person and is compelled to obey them. Slavery is the system of possessing slaves, which could be either one slave or many. Slavery in the United States officially began with the trans-Atlantic slave trade, it also began during this period in a lot of other countries. The slaves were treated inhumanelyfor several years;it was abolished in the United States on December 6,1865 and abolished in many nations. However, it still continuesRead MoreThe Unnatural Insitution Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesHIST-1301 Paper 1 Due 9/23/2013 The Unnatural Institution Slavery has been a correlating characteristic among all major civilizations. The Sumerians made those they conquered their slaves, and used them for manual labor. The Egyptians made their slaves build large extravagant tombs for the pharos. Romans also forced those they capture into servitude, but the Romans also turned slavery into a commodity which allowed it to be capitalized. There where laws that allowedRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom1223 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"My Bondage and My Freedom† Slavery, Hardships, and Freedom? This book describes a day in a life of Frederick Douglass. In 2013, I saw a movie called ’12 Years A Slave’ reading this book and watching the movie was eye-opening for me. ‘My Freedom’ in this book explains that young Douglass suffered as a slave, when which he failed to flee his ‘Bondage’, then eventually he escapes that life. Douglass’s story continues to reverberate throughout his life and the American Dream that he conquered allRead MoreHelping Slaves Escape with the Underground Railroad1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Underground Railroad was a hidden system developed to help fugitive slaves escape from bondage. It is both a dangerous and illegal task to assist these fugitive runaways with their escape. Secret codes were created to help protect themselves and to reach their destinations safely. One of these secret codes was the â€Å"Quilt Code,† it was used to display various geometric sh apes and patterns resembling those found in American patchwork quilts. These quilts displayed messages in connection withRead MoreEssay on Twelve Years a Slave958 Words   |  4 Pageswas good for slaves because it civilized them and that slaves were content to be held in bondage. But such is not the case, at least not according to those who were actually held in bondage. The accounts of slavery are greatly known by emancipated or run away slaves. One recorded account of slavery is by Solomon B. Northup’s autobiography, Twelve Years a Slave which was published in 1853. Solomon Northup was born a freeman in New York in 1808 (3). His father, who had been a slave until his ownerRead MoreAfrican Slaves During The Nineteenth Century1474 Words   |  6 PagesAfricans they stole into slaves as a less expensive, more ample work source than the contracted hirelings. After 1619, when a Dutch ship conveyed 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginian, servitude spread all through the American provinces. In the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years, dark slaves worked chiefly on the tobacco, rice and indigo estates of the southern drift. After the American Revolution (1775-1783), numerous homesteaders started to connect the abuse of black slaves to their own particularRead MoreTwelve Years a Slave Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery was good for slaves because it civilized them and that slaves were content to be held in bondage. But such is not the case, at least not according to those who were actually held in bondage. The accounts of slavery are greatly kn own by emancipated or run away slaves. One recorded account of slavery is by Solomon B. Northups autobiography, Twelve Years a Slave which was published in 1853. Solomon Northup was born a freeman in New York in 1808 (3). His father, who had been a slave until his ownerRead MoreMy Bondage And My Freedom And Frederick Douglass Analysis1701 Words   |  7 Pagestruths, if done correctly it will strengthen the authors message, without compromising the authenticity of the plot. One can see this in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, along with his, My Bondage and My Freedom. Both novels are accounts of Douglass’ troublesome journey from a slave to a freeman. These heroic accounts served as prominent and respected propaganda upon entering the abolitionist crusade. Despite the criticism garnered during Douglass’ lifetime, the work was remarkablyRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacob Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacob’s writes an autobiography about the personal struggles her family, as well as women in bondage, commonly face while maturing in the Southern part of America. While young and enslaved, Harriet had learned how to read, write, sew, and taught how to perform other tasks associated with a ladies work from her first mistress. With the advantage of having a background in literacy, Harriet Jacobs later came to the realization that she wouldRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Society898 Words   |  4 PagesThe slaves did what they could in order to free themselves. It would be crazy to believe that slaves just accepted their fate to be slaves forever without doing anything to get out of bondage; saying so states that slaves did not have natural human reactions to basic situations. No matter what skin color, anyone will hate that they cannot sit down and eat dinner, or watch their family members be sold off like cattle, or would want to be whipped as punishment for not doing a job. In any situation

The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Classification...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between adult attachment classification and symptoms of depression. By assessing adult attachment classifications in this study it is proposed it will identify individuals at risk to depressive symptoms and help in gaining a better understanding of the types of treatment interventions that may be most effective given an individual’s attachment style. One hundred undergraduate students will complete two online questionnaires each, with one on adult attachment and one on depression. Data on age and gender will also be collected. It is hypothesized that participants with a preoccupied or fearful style (negative view of self) will have higher levels of depression symptoms†¦show more content†¦Secure adults consider themselves as worthy of the concern, care, and affection of others; perceive significant others as being accessible, reliable, trustworthy, and well intentioned; and tend to have relationships characterised by intimacy and trust. Adults with an avoidant attachment style tend to deny their own emotional needs for attachment and perceive others as untrustworthy, thereby limiting their capacity for developing truly intimate relationships. Adults with anxious–preoccupied attachment styles have negative working models of themselves and positive models of significant others, such that their relationships are char acterized by worry about abandonment, hyper vigilance, and jealousy (Bartholomew Horowitz, 1991; Hazan Shaver, 1987; Levy Davis, 1988). Bartholomew Horowitz (1991) developed a Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) which is a self-report instrument is designed to assess adult attachment within Bartholomews (1990) four-category framework. Styles A and B correspond to the secure and fearful-avoidant attachment patterns, respectively. Styles C and D correspond to the preoccupied and dismissing-avoidant attachment patterns respectively. Both the fearful and preoccupied adult attachment styles have been found to be associated with depression (Carnelley et al., 1994). The core purpose of study is to look into the relationship between adult attachment classification and the symptoms of depression in an adult population,Show MoreRelatedRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between security of attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundation from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carruth, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stresses the significanceRead MoreRelationship Between Security Of Attachment And Cognitive Development1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship between security of attachment and cognitive development creates the underlying foundatio n from which individual’s operate throughout the lifespan (Carruth, 2006). The security of attachment between an infant and their primary caregiver can have profound consequences for the developing brain, impacting an infant’s future relationships, self-esteem, and ability to self-regulate emotions (Carruth, 2006). Attachment theory, first theorized by John Bowlby (1988), stresses the significanceRead MorePsychological Impacts Of Attachment Disorder1311 Words   |  6 PagesPsychological Impacts of Attachment Disorder The theory of attachment was originally developed by John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst who was attempting to understand the extreme anguish experienced by infants who had been estranged from their parents. Attachment is the term developmental psychologists use to describe the emotional bond between infants and one or more adults. Attachment is like a security blanket. It allows infants to venture out and explore, returning to the adult as a place of protectionRead MoreAttachment Vs. Attachment Theory1977 Words   |  8 Pagesof past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (1973) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular dis orders, depression and anxiety; while keeping a holisticRead MoreAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental Psychology1988 Words   |  8 Pageson past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research have an effect on two particular disorders, depression and anxiety; while keeping a holisticRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Parental Emotional On Future Romanic Relationships Essay2153 Words   |  9 PagesChildhood Parental Emotional Abuse on Future Romanic Relationships Childhood abuse can have long term effects that carryover long into adulthood. The trauma of being abused by a parent, the person children are supposed to trust most, may make it extremely difficult to develop a relationship with a romantic partner. Because of this, I believe that emotional abuse of children by parents will have a negative effect on their romantic relationships as adults. I will look at the consequence of emotional abuseRead MoreAttachment Theory For Understanding Risk And Protection Factors Within Developmental Psychology1940 Words   |  8 Pageson past research looking into what attachment/ attachment theory is, focusing on Bowlby’s (DATE) research into why an infant’s first attachment is so important. Followed, by the work of Ainsworth et al (1978) bringing to light the findings from the strange situation, and how the research can explain mental illness. From this and in-depth discussion looking at how the previously discussed pieces of research ha ve an effect on two particular disorders, depression and anxiety; while keeping a holisticRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder And Insecure Attachment2065 Words   |  9 Pages Borderline Personality Disorder and Insecure Attachment Melanie Countee Marymount University â€Æ' Abstract Borderline Personality Disorder is marked by maladaptive personality traits including chaotic interpersonal relationships, poor impulse control, and emotional instability. Theorists and clinicians have suggested that attachment based theories provide a framework to understanding and assessing BPD etiology. Links between insecure attachment along with abuse and neglect are relevant casualRead MoreAbuse: How It Effects Cognitive Development and Prevention Methods3033 Words   |  13 Pagescognitive development disorders that effect learning, memory, and consciousness. Statistics show that no one age, gender, or ethnic group is excluded. Cognitive development that is affected includes depression, learning disorders, developmental disorders, attachment disorders and PTSD. Patterns of attachment affect the quality of information processing throughout the individual’s life. With this evidence, it is imperative to have programs available that focus on prevention for parents and children. Read MoreCell Phone Overuse Or Addiction?2080 Words   |  9 Pagesno-mobile-phone phobia† has been compared to other behavioral addictions such as gambling which are included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Nomophobia has not made its entrance into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual even though it has the symptoms that parallel those that behavioral addictions have. The reason this has not been placed into the DSM is because of its lack of recognition and conflicting views of whether or not it is actually an addiction and not an action resulting from an underlying

Child Sexual Violence And Sexual Abuse - 1371 Words

Child on child sexual violence/assault cases has been on the rise. Sexual Violence is defined by Webster’s dictionary as any illegal sexual contact that usually involves force upon a person without consent or is inflicted upon a person who is incapable of giving consent (as because of age or physical or mental incapacity) or who places the assailant (as a doctor) in a position of trust or authority. There is growing understanding that the vast majority of children who has experienced sexual assault, are typically assaulted by someone they know, and often times trust (family member, friends of family, their own friends etc.) (Chaffin, 2008). Research indicates that over one third of children sexually assaulted is committed by someone under the age of 18 (Browne Finkelhor, 1986; Paolucci et al., 2001). Sexually victimized youth experiences greater risk for a multitude of antisocial behaviors and sexualized behaviors compared to those who have not experienced sexual victimizat ions (Browne Finkelhor, 1986; Paolucci et al., 2001). Tragic events are reported nearly every day such as the 2009 Gabriel Myers case involving the 7-year old boy who had previously been sexually assaulted by another child and later ended his own life. The importance of child on child sexual violence/assaults tend to be overlooked by adults due to the denial of thinking the youth and/or adolescences we love cannot possibly cause abuse and harm upon another loved one(COCSA, 2014). It is reported thatShow MoreRelatedSexual Abuse And Child Violence1862 Words   |  8 PagesAbuse is currently the number one cause of injury to women in the U.S., four million women every year are abused by men. These women often are disfigured or can develop permanent disabilities. Each year 2,500 deaths occur every year in abusive domestic situations, 1,500 women are killed violently by their perpetrators, and around 1,000 kill their abusers to save themselves (Mankiller). Statistics show that women are more often killed or disfigured by their abusers than are able to save themselvesRead MoreFrom the beginning of a child’s life, he/she holds the key to their own destiny. However, this is1000 Words   |  4 Pagesthe beginning of a child’s life, he/she holds the key to their own destiny. However, this is no longer the case when child sexual abuse is brought in as a factor. In surveys conducted, it was indicated that six percent to sixty-two percent of women and two percent to fifteen percent of men have been victims of sexual abuse as a child (Finkelhor 79). That was not their choice. Abuse is the result of force - not from a person’s willingness to fulfill an act. Victims also have to cope with the aftereffectsRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse1467 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term effects of child sexual abuse Child Abuse can be a fundamental reason of causing issues for children and young people in physically and mentally. The primitive damage caused by child sexual abuse effect on the child’s developing capacities for trust, intimacy, agency and sexuality so that child sexual abuse is considered as a trigger of mental health problems and increase the risk of major depressive disorder in early adulthood or throughout their lifetime. There is a fact that thoseRead MoreA Short Note On Disorders And Families : Effects On Children1548 Words   |  7 Pagesnot be perpetuated into future generations. Denov (2004) explored the effects of sexual abuse by women on male and female victims. Society popularly underestimates the severity of childhood sexual abuse by women and tend to believe that sexual abuse by men is more destructive. The study focused on individual victims of childhood sexual abuse by women in a cross-sectional design and hypothesized that sexual abuse is equally destructive between male and female abusers. The independent variablesRead MoreSexal Abuse in America Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the United States, sexual abuse is more common that one may think and is not always understood to it’s full definition. In fact, in her book, Why Me? Help for Victims of Child Sexual Abuse (Even If They Are Adults Now), Lynn B. Daugherty, Ph.D., states that one in every four children are subject to some type of sexual abuse by the time they are eighteen years old. That means twenty-five percent of children some form of sexual abuse before they are adults. Although it is often thought ofRead MoreChild Molestation And Its Effect On Children1638 Words   |  7 Pagesaware of the nature of the crime or offense. One of the most traumatizing experiences that a child can ever encounter in their adolescent life is sexual abuse. Child molestation has been inflicted on many children throughout history and most will agree that it is a harmful and despicable act, however do we know why it occurs? Do we know what causes child sexual abuse and does it have the same effect on every child? Are some children even aware of the fact that they are being victimized? There are manyRead MoreEssay on Sexual Abuse on Women1250 Words   |  5 PagesSexual abuse, also known as sexual assault, is any sort of sexual activity that one doesn’t agree to which includes, inappropriate touching, vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, sexual intercourse that one says no to, rape, attempted rape, as well as child molestation. Sexual abuse is usually verbal or visual. It can also be anything that forces a person to be in unwanted sexual contact. There are many examples of sexual abuse like voyeurism, exhibitionism, incest, and sexual harassment. VoyeurismRead MoreThe Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesAn estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects orRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse And Children1301 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse effects tens of thousands of children, and young teens every year. With the rate of this issues, p arents and other adults are not prepared nor willing to deal with problems of their children or family members been sexual abused. Child sexual abuse can take many forms, but it’s always a violation of a young person’s rights, and it increases the risk of many adverse physical and mental health conditions. Furthermore, child sexual abuse is defined as direct genital contact and indirectRead MoreSexual Assault And Sexual Abuse978 Words   |  4 PagesSexual assault  is any type of  sexual  contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. Falling under the definition of  sexual assault  are  sexual  activities such as forced  sexual  intercourse forcible sodomy child molestation fondling attempted rape The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act was passed in the United States, and its definition of who might be covered under the law included sexual abuse. 1 In 6 Women in the united states and 1 in 33 men have experienced

A Contrast of Humanity in Suffering and Exploitation The...

Of all the injustices that are bestowed upon mankind, none are greater than the ones inflicted by our own species of apathy towards poverty and the hardships of our brothers. Steinbeck gives a view of human frailties and strengths from many different perspectives in â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath.† This book demonstrates how people can overcome destitution, team up to find solutions, and provide protection and security in times of trouble. Steinbeck introduces people who are hard working and honest, that reach out selflessly with compassion towards others. However, not everyone reacts to austerity and oppression in the same way. Large groups of people can cause suspicion to outsiders. Ignorant people can be paralyzed by an incomprehensible†¦show more content†¦In this short description, many human emotions are presented: anger, cruelty, indifference, apathy, and compassion. The story follows the Joad family who lose their tenant farm due to a severe dust storm in Oklahoma, and their experiences during the trek to California and the hardships encountered on the way. Before leaving on their trip, the Joads must sell all of their farm implements and reduce their belongings because they need money for travel and survival. Steinbeck gives us many portrayals of exploitation of the downtrodden migrant. In this instance, the car dealers take advantage of the people who need to leave and have to buy a car to get to California. Capitalism at its worst is portrayed when these unscrupulous dealers do a bait and switch move, where they show a car for sale but never sell it. â€Å"Today’s bargain—up on the platform. Never sell it. Makes them come in though.† The dealer talks about how they will take advantage of people and sell them â€Å"lemons.†(62) However, the car dealers aren’t the only ones taking advantage of the powerless tenant farmers making a mass exodus for California. Men, dressed in fancy cloths come to town specifically to buy up farm equipment and offer far less than what it is worth. â€Å"And the men in the seat were tired and angry andShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesaround the world, especially among oppressed people of African origin.2 Beyond people of African descent, Rastafari has been embraced by persons from numerous other ethnic groups around the world, especially by those who perceive themselves as suffering some form of oppression and marginalization. Furthermore, the Rastafarian movement has made itself felt across the globe through the inï ¬â€šuence it has exerted on popular music and fashion (clothing, hairstyles, personal accessories, and so on). Against

Role of Fashion Affecting Youth free essay sample

ROLE OF STUDENTS IN BUILDING NATION hi jd . students are building stones of a nation bcoz their curiosity to learn and their excitement to do something new for a country work wonders, and they are really very energetic. and they have a thirst for knowledge which can help develop a countryt like india . who knows that maybe a student will make india a super power in 1-2 years. so thats it . bye fashion affecting youth Fashion has now become unseparate part of youth. Fashion effects to our lives by getting us involved something new. Maybe it depends on the weather or seasonal change. In my opinion, there are two points positive and negative effects of fashion on youth. First of all, I could say about positive effects of fashion, that girls or boys use of fashion to attract representatives of their contrary part. For example, every young people want to have fashionable dressing couple. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Fashion Affecting Youth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They pay attention to one another clothes, hairstyle, jewellery and so on. By this way, they seem having attractive appearance and give pleasure each others. Thus, it cause good relation between them. After looking at this example, we can see obviously advantage part of fashion for youth. In spite of previous example, we can point out negative effect. At present, youth think only new fashion and this cause spending much money. Therefore, they are not able to take notice other needs. As a matter of fact, my friends or group mates dispense their profits to clothes, hair style and others. Eventually, they are obliged to borrow money from their friends. For instance, clearly shows, that to pursue just the fashion take out hopeless result. As a result, here to elicit advantage and disadvantage effects of fashion on youth’s life. Every youngster must know this, if they keep with the fashion, they must do it according their opportunities. Prepare for board exam [pic] Study Study Study How to Prepare for Exams in a Short Time [pic]User-Submitted Article When the exams are just round the corner and you dont have enough time to prepare, cramming is the best option. Well cramming is not something that is good for the students but life is not all about studying so when you dont study regularly, CRAMMING is inevitable. [pic]Difficulty: Moderately Challenging Instructions Things Youll Need: †¢ Study Material †¢ Pen Paper OR Computer †¢ Sharp Mind 1. 1 Get yourself a fully relaxed mind. Choose a place where there is peace and no noise or disturbances etc. 2. 2 Gather your study material in a logical way. Arrangement may be in order of topics you will prepare first or the topics in order of their importance or in the order the topics were covered in the class. 3. 3 The real business starts now. Study the topic first by quickly going through the whole text. Now you have the main idea of the topic or the subject. You cant cram everything so make key notes, points, keywords. 4. 4 [pic] [pic]Point-wise Summary This is the most important step. So try to follow it. After going through the topic well, prepare a brief summary of the whole chapter/topic. Make it in a way that all the contents are in the shape of points and are arranged in such a logical order that there is a main title first, then the subtitles and so on. Assign numbers to the points/titles so you will remember them easily and in case you forget some of these, your brain might stimulate to remember missing ones. 5. 5 Make the summaries of all the topics you have covered as explained in the above step. 6†¦Now get some sleep or have a break after you are done with the study material. Give a last review to all the topic summaries you have prepared just minutes before the exam.

Sports Law Australian Sports Commission

Question: Discuss about the Sports Lawfor Australian Sports Commission. Answer: Sport Law System The participation and success of Australia in international sport has become a fundamental element in presenting the nation on the global stage. Sports became one of the fastest growing industries in the country in the late twentieth century. The Australian Sports Commission has defined sports as a physical skill, which is competitive by nature and is universally accepted as a sport (Thorpe et al., 2013). The Australian sport sector includes various ranges of non-governmental and governmental organizations, community groups and business entities who are working to develop finest sports, active participation and reasonable opportunities for physical activities provide the Australian community with other relevant services and products. How the System Works The Federal system of Australian Government influences the governance, framework and the deliverance of the Australian sports system. The sports clubs of the nation plays an important role in developing sports and enables the Australian communities to have easy access to the health and social benefits related with such sports (Gardiner et al., 2012). The Government plays a significant role in delivering elite sports and implementing various policies and programs associated with sports, which includes providing financial assistance and support to the sports organizations, individual sportsmen or clubs, and it acts as major contributors and investors to constructing sports related infrastructure and hosting major sprits events. The Meeting of Sport and Recreation Minister (MSRM) was established comprising the Federal, State and the Territory Ministers who were responsible for re creation and sports in the country. The MSRM acted as a forum for providing coordination and cooperation regarding matters related to the development and growth of recreation and sport in Australia. The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) is a government legal authority, which is responsible for ensuring healthy performance in sport. The authority is under legal obligation to safeguard the nations sporting integrity by eliminating doping. Domestic Tribunals The Domestic Tribunals, unlike the arbitration bodies, cannot adjudicate matters brought before them independently as the parent sporting body has established them. The domestic tribunals are legally obligated to follow the rules of natural justice except under circumstances where such rules have been eliminated through the rules related to the governing procedure or where the parties have entered into a contractual agreement for the same. The violation of the discipline is based on the rules, regulations set up by the organization, and penalties and sanctions shall be imposed on the ground of violation of such rules. The structure of the Domestic tribunals includes an individual investigator who may be present to hear the evidence or investigate into the matter; a decision-making panel; a person to present the case before the tribunal; an investigator who makes recommendations to the decision-making panel; a management committee responsible for maintaining disciplinary responsibilities. The tribunals that perform quasi-judicial functions in the field of sports in Australia are the Australian Football League Tribunal and the NSW Racing Appeals Tribunals. The nation has outlined certain legal standards in the field of sports to ensure the integrity of the sport and most importantly, the safety of the participants. The nature of the rules that are dealt with by the Tribunals include the rules relating to the violations on the field, rules regarding any dispute arising out of the game and the rules that are included within the charter of the organization. Further, the tribunals deal with matters that arise from the contractual agreement between the sports organization and the athlete; such matters must be outlined in the agreement either expressly or impliedly. The agreement between the sport organization and the athlete provides the tribunal with specific powers. The tribunals entertains certain matters which are typical by nature such as any serious violence that may take place on the field; any kind of public misconduct which amounts to a criminal conduct and is not related to the game directly. The tribunal attends matters that are related to the selection of any sports team and disputes arising as a result of any infringement of the sponsorship limits. The Domestic tribunals shall set out their respective guidelines and procedural rules regarding the amount of penalties to be imposed upon the wrongdoer. The familiarity of the domestic tribunal with the various scenarios of the sport acts as an advantage for the sport organizations (Windholz, 2015). Another important factor, which is advantageous for the sport organization, is the fact that the victims or the aggrieved parties usually do not tend to initiate any criminal or civil proceedings against the wrongdoer. In Enderby Town Football Club v Football Association Ltd [1971] Ch 591 at 603, the issue raised was whether a party is allowed to be represented by his legal representative before a domestic tribunal. The rules of the Football Association expressly forbid the parties to be represented by their lawyers. According to Lord Denning MR, in domestic tribunals a good nonprofessional can often do better justice as compared to a bad lawyer. In sports as football and other sports, there are are hardly any law points, which may arise as such activities or sports, are subject to the rules and regulations of the game unless there arises any injustice of serious nature such as corruption or biasness, court intervention is not necessary. The matter can be dealt with as per the regulations of the respective game. In case an appeal is preferred before the domestic tribunal, such appeal shall be decided by the appeal panel or general meeting of members. However, any organization, which is an unincorporated association, the agreement between the organization and the athlete, shall be considered as an agreement entered into consensually and shall become unenforceable. However, it is subject to certain exceptions laid down in Cameron v Hogan ( 1934) 51 CLR 358. Most sports contracts are express contracts. An infringement of such contracts is compensated by either specific performance or money damages or restitution as was held in Bulldogs Rugby League Club Ltd v Williams [2008] NSWSC 822. The contracts entered into by professional sports people coaches include contracts to play exclusively for a specific club or in a particular event; endorsement or advertising contracts, etc. an agent of the player may enter into a contract on behalf of the sports man as his representative. International Law on Sports The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is an international quasi-judicial body, which has been established to resolve the disputes that may arise in the field of sports through arbitration. The CAS headquarter is situated in Switzerland and the courts are situated in Sydney, Lausanne and New York City. A sport related dispute may be presented before the CAS subject to the condition that the parties to such dispute has entered into an arbitration agreement wherein it is specifically stated that disputes arising out of such agreement shall be recourse to the CAS. According to Rule 61 of the Olympic Charter, any dispute related to the Olympic Games can only be presented before the CAS. National Courts The Supreme Court in the relevant territory or state may review the matters appealed from Sporting Associations Disciplinary Tribunals. Where the amount of the dispute is, more than $750,000 such disputes shall be heard before the Supreme Court and where the dispute amount is up to $750,000 the dispute shall be heard before the District Court. Both the Disciplinary tribunals of sporting bodies and the court must follow the principle of natural justice. In Boyd v Humphreys (NSWSC, 24 May 1978, unreported), Les Boyd was a professional Rugby League player was found to be guilty of causing injury to another player during a game and was suspended for four matches. He argued that the victim who could prove his innocence was not called to adduce evidence. It was held that it amounted to denial of natural justice. Doping in Sports In 2013, the Australian Crime Commission (ACC) published a report on sports doping and its impact on the performance the players. The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) is an anti-doping agency, which concentrates on detection, deterrence and enforcement. It conducts tests and investigates sportsmen for drugs and doping offenses in sport. The WADA or World Anti-Doping Agency Code has been designed to provide an infrastructure for anti-doping systems and regulations for the same for different sporting organizations and countries (Hughes, 2015). In Australia, ASADA enforces the WADA Code by conducting regular tests of the sportsmen irrespective of the fact whether they are participating in the sport or not. The athletes who deny going through the anti-doping tests are prohibited from participating in the sport. Shane Warne, Cricketer, while he was tested positive for a banned substance in 2003, defended himself, claiming that he consumed the drug unintentionally. Rugby player Wendell Sailor was tested positive for consuming cocaine in 2006, and was suspended for two years. The sporting bodies must comply with the ASAD and WADA Codes to ensure safety of the players and to maintain the spirit of a fair game. The Anti-doping schemes aim at safeguarding what is referred to as the true spirit of sport. The true spirit of sport may be described as a celebration of the human body, mind and soul. Doping or consumption of drugs literally kills this true spirit of sports (O'Leary, 2013). In order to combat with doping and other relate d offenses the anti-doping organizations must implement effective prevention programs for the athletes, which would not only ensure safety of the players and enhance their performance but also help them maintain the true spirit of sports. Reference List Enderby Town Football Club v Football Association Ltd [1971] Ch 591 at 603 Cameron v Hogan ( 1934) 51 CLR 358. Bulldogs Rugby League Club Ltd v Williams [2008] NSWSC 822. Thorpe, D., Buti, A., Davies, C., Fridman, S., Jonson, P. (2013).Sports law. Oxford University Press. Gardiner, S., Boyes, S., Naidoo, U., O'Leary, J., Welch, R. (2012).Sports law. Routledge. Beloff, M., Kerr, T., Demetriou, M., Beloff, R. (2012).Sports law. Bloomsbury Publishing. Hughes, D. (2015). The World Anti-Doping Code in sport.Aust Prescr,38(5), 167-170. Windholz, E. (2015). Professional sport, work health and safety law and reluctant regulators. O'Leary, J. (2013).Drugs Doping in Sports. Routledge. Boyd v Humphreys (NSWSC, 24 May 1978)